China changed how it counts coronavirus cases. The full picture is still far from complete

https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/13/asia/china-numbers-novel-coronavirus-intl/index.html When China reported a drop in the number of new...

https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/13/asia/china-numbers-novel-coronavirus-intl/index.html

When China reported a drop in the number of new cases of the deadly coronavirus earlier this week, hopes were raised that the outbreak might be slowing down.
But on Thursday, health authorities in Hubei, the province at the center of the epidemic, announced there had been nearly 15,000 new cases overnight -- almost 10 times the number of cases announced the previous day.
The government was quick to point out the outbreak didn't suddenly get much worse; the authorities had simply changed the way they reported cases in order to allow more people to access treatment faster.
"Our forecast was 1,500 new cases, and I opened my computer and it's 15,000 new cases. I think my hair stood up on my head," said David Fisman, a professor of epidemiology at the University of Toronto, who has spent a lot of time modeling the current coronavirus epidemic.
The shift in how new cases are diagnosed has compounded questions about whether the world can rely on the numbers coming out of China, amid criticism over the government's handling of the outbreak.
How has China changed its method?
The total number of cases reported by China now includes "clinically diagnosed cases." These are patients who demonstrate all the symptoms of Covid-19 but have either not been able to get a test or are believed to have falsely tested negative.
Fisman said this was a positive move by the Chinese health authorities. "They should be applauded for that because they're casting the net wider to try to do a better job of controlling spread from people who may not have a firm diagnosis yet," he said.
If the sudden huge spike in the numbers is unnerving to some, it doesn't actually mean an increase in the number of people who've fallen ill. In fact, Fisman said it would be "phenomenally irresponsible" to say the epidemic got worse. "The case definitions change, that's a good public health practice, they don't want to miss cases," he said.
Delays in testing are not confined to China. In the US, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) currently requires that all potential samples are shipped to its central laboratories for full testing.
Speaking at a US Senate hearing on Wednesday -- before China's announcement -- Scott Gottlieb, former commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration, urged a similar change in procedure in the US to rein in any potential outbreak. He said that testing was not been done aggressively enough and should be expanded to cover more symptoms.
"I think that we should be leaning in very aggressively to broaden diagnostic screening right now, particularly in communities where there was a lot of immigration, where these outbreaks could emerge, to identify them early enough that they'll be small enough that we can intervene to prevent more epidemic spread in this country," he said.

Should we be more skeptical about what China is saying?

The World Health Organization has backed China and the way it now reports the numbers. But many have expressed alarm about taking the figures at face value, given the government's track record of suppressing information about this and previous crises.
From the start of the outbreak late last year, Chinese authorities have attempted to keep a lid on the flow of information around the coronavirus. Li Wenliang, a doctor in the outbreak's epicenter of Wuhan, had tried to raise the alarm about the virus early on, but was quickly reprimanded by police. Li himself died from the virus last week and his death has led to a level of public outcry rarely seen in China.
Gottlieb, the former FDA commissioner, was one of those who publicly questioned the quality of data coming out of China.
"I don't trust the reporting in China, and I also believe that the China numbers reflect the most severe cases, so we're getting a skewed view of the case fatality rate and how severe this is," he said Wednesday.
Fisman said that while the real numbers are likely to be somewhat higher than the official ones, most of the discrepancy probably involves mild cases.
"What I can tell you as someone who models infectious diseases, the virologically confirmed case numbers make sense to me," he said.
However, there are some questions remaining.
"In China, the party line is 'this started in December'," Fisman said. "Those of us who are lucky enough not to have to parrot an official truth are able to say no, no, the phylogenetic data from the virus says early November, and epidemic models based on exported case counts, which we do trust, say early to mid-November."
China's leaders have promised absolute transparency on the virus -- and the WHO has praised them for sharing information. Beijing has also vowed severe punishment for any officials found to be concealing or downplaying figures related to the outbreak.

Will we ever know the true number?

It can take years to get the real picture of an epidemic. Establishing the true extent of the SARS outbreak in 2002 and 2003 was a long-term process, partly because China suppressed the reporting of it in the initial months.
But even if the authorities do everything they can to disclose accurate numbers, the full picture won't be complete until much later.
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Testing could be an issue too. Asha George, executive director of the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense, told the same US Senate hearing on Wednesday that China may be limited in its testing and reporting resources, versus simply "a lack of desire on the part of the Chinese government to report."
"We won't really know what the true case fatality for this is until probably months or years from now when people do ... blood tests and find out how many silent infections that were in the population," Fisman said.
He added that at the moment, health experts don't have a clear idea on how many of the cases reported from China is happening in health care centers and hospitals, where the fatality rate could be higher, because people who are in a hospital for another reason are more vulnerable.

What does it mean for the world if we don't know the true number?

Of course, having accurate information is key to combating an epidemic, because it helps epidemiologists forecast the spread of the disease, which in turn allows public health officials to put necessary measures in place.
But while the number of reported cases plays a role, it is not the only -- and in some cases not even the most important -- way to measure an outbreak.
"We always measure big epidemics indirectly, usually using a few different data sources, knowing that all of them are going to be wrong in different places, but that the combined picture often is very, very helpful in terms of figuring out what must be going on," Fisman said.
Most epidemiologists know what the pitfalls are and can work around them, he said.
    George told lawmakers that students at public health schools are often taught to "multiply by seven or eight times what you've been told" to account for cases that they can't see.
    "For every one case you see, there are seven or eight out there that you don't," she said.






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ब्लॉगर्स,1,नेत्रदान का महत्‍व,1,नेत्रदान कैसे करें?,1,नैनो टेक्नालॉजी,1,नॉटिलस,1,नोबल पुरस्कार,1,नोबेल पुरस्कार,2,न्‍यूटन,1,परमाणु पनडुब्‍बी,1,परासरण विधि,1,पर्यावरण और हम,1,पर्यावरण चेतना,2,पशु पक्षी व्यवहार,1,पहली बारिश,1,पाई दिवस,1,पुच्‍छल तारा,1,पुरुष -स्त्री लिंग अनुपात,1,पूर्ण अँधियारा चंद्रग्रहण,1,पृथ्वी की परिधि,3,पृथ्‍वेतर जीवन,1,पेट्रोल चोरी,1,पेंसिल,1,पैडल वाली पनडुब्बी,1,पैराशूट,1,पॉवर कट से राहत,1,पौरूष शक्ति,1,प्रकाश,2,प्रज्ञाएँ,1,प्रतिपदार्थ,1,प्रतिरक्षा,1,प्रदूषण,1,प्रदूषण और आम आदमी,1,प्ररेणा प्रसंग,1,प्रलय,2,प्रलय का दावा बेटुल्गुयेज,1,प्रसव पीड़ा,1,प्रेम में ।धोखा,1,प्रोटीन माया,1,प्लास्टिक कचरा,1,फाई दिवस,1,फिबोनाकी श्रेणी,1,फिबोनाची,1,फेसबुक,1,फ्रीवेयर,1,फ्रेंकेंस्टाइन,1,फ्रेंच किसिंग,1,बनारस,1,बायो-क्रेमेशन,1,बायोमैट्रिक पहचान तकनीकियाँ,2,बाल विज्ञान कथा,1,बालसुब्रमण्यम,6,बिग-बेंग सिद्धांत,1,बिजली,1,बिजली उत्‍पादन,1,बिजली कैसे बनती है?,1,बिजलीघर,1,बिली का विकल्‍प,1,बी0एम0डब्ल्यू0,1,बीरबल साहनी,1,बुलेटप्रूफ,1,बैल चालित पम्प,1,ब्रह्मण्‍ड,1,ब्रह्मा,1,ब्रह्माण्‍ड,1,ब्रह्माण्‍ड के रहस्‍य,1,ब्रह्मान्ड,1,ब्रेन म्‍यूजिक,1,ब्लॉग लेखन,1,ब्लॉग लेखन के द्वारा विज्ञान संचार,2,ब्लॉगिंग का महत्व,1,भारतीय आयुर्विज्ञान अनुसंधान परिषद,1,भारतीय विज्ञान कथा लेखक समिति,1,भारतीय वैज्ञानिक,2,भारतीय शोध,1,भूकंप के झटके,1,भूकम्‍प,1,भूगर्भिक हलचलें,1,मंगल,1,मधुमेह और खानपान,1,मनजीत सिंह बोपाराय,1,मनीष मोहन गोरे,1,मनीष वैद्य,1,मनु स्मृति,1,मनोरंजक गणित,1,महिला दिवस,1,माचू-पिचू,1,मानव शरीर,1,माया,1,मारिजुआना,1,मासिक धर्म,1,मिल्‍की वे,1,मिशन स्टारडस्ट-नेक्स,1,मीठी गपशप,1,मीमांसा,1,मुख कैंसर,1,मृत सागर,1,मेघ राज मित्र,1,मेडिकल रिसर्च,1,मेरी शैली,1,मैथेमेटिक्स ओलम्पियाड,1,मैरी क्‍यूरी,2,मैरीन इनोवेटिव टेक्नोलॉजीज लि,1,मोटापा,1,मोबाईल के नुकसान,1,मौसम,1,यजुर्वेद,1,युवा अनुसंधानकर्ता पुरष्कार,1,यूरी गागरिन,1,योगेन्द्र पाल,1,योगेश,1,योगेश रे,1,रक्षा उपकरण,1,राईबोसोम,1,रूप गठन,1,रेडियो टोमोग्राफिक इमेजिंग,1,रैबीज,1,रोचक रोमांचक अंटार्कटिका,4,रोबोटिक्स,1,लखनऊ,1,लादेन,1,लालन-पालन,1,लिनक्स,1,लिपरेशी,1,लीप इयर,1,लेड,1,लॉ ऑफ ग्रेविटी,1,लोक विज्ञान,1,लौह स्तम्भ,1,वजन घटाने का आसान तरीका,1,वाई गुणसूत्र,1,वायु प्रदुषण,1,वाशो,1,विज्ञान,1,विज्ञान कथा,3,विज्ञान कथा सम्मेलन,1,विज्ञान के खेल,2,विज्ञान चुटकले,1,विज्ञान तथा प्रौद्यौगिकी,1,विज्ञान प्रगति,1,विज्ञान ब्लॉग,1,विज्ञापन,1,विटामिनों के वहम,1,विद्युत,1,विवेकानंद,1,विवेचना-व्याख्या,1,विश्व नि-तम्बाकू दिवस,1,विश्व पर्यावरण दिवस,1,विश्व भूगर्भ जल दिवस,1,विष्णु,1,वीडियो,1,वीडियो बुक,1,वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण,1,वैद्य अश्विनी कुमार,1,वोस्तोक,1,व्‍यायाम के लाभ,1,व्हेलॉसिटी,1,शिव,1,शुक्र पारगमन,1,शुगर के दुष्‍प्रभाव,1,शून्य,1,शोध परिणाम,1,शोधन,1,श्रृष्टि का अंत,1,सं. राष्ट्रसंघ,1,सकारात्‍मक सोच का जादू,1,संक्रमण,1,संख्या,1,संजय ग्रोवर,1,संज्ञात्मक पक्षी विज्ञान,1,सटीक व्‍यायाम,1,संत बलबीर सिंह सीचेवाल,1,सत्यजित रे,1,समय की बरबादी को रोचकने के उपाय,1,समाज और हम,1,समुद्र,1,संयोग,1,सर चन्द्रशेखर वेंकट रमन राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान दिवस,1,सर्प संसार,1,साइकोलोजिस्ट,1,साइनस उपचार,1,साइंस ब्लागर्स मीट,1,साइंस ब्लागर्स मीट.,2,साइंस ब्लॉग कार्यशाला,2,साइंस ब्लॉगर्स असोसिएशन अवार्ड,1,साइंस ब्लॉगर्स असोसिएशन रजिस्ट्रेशन,1,साइंस ब्लॉगर्स ऑफ दि ईयर अवार्ड,1,साइंस ब्लोगिंग,1,साईकिल,1,सामवेद,1,सामाजिक अभिशाप,1,सामाजिक चेतना,1,साहित्यिक चोरी,2,सिगरेट छोड़ें,1,सी. एस. आई. आर.,1,सी.वी.रमण विज्ञान क्लब,1,सीजेरियन ऑपरेशन,1,सुपर अर्थ,1,सुपर कम्प्यूटर,1,सुरक्षित ब्लॉगिंग,1,सूर्यग्रहण,2,सृष्टि व जीवन,3,सेक्स रेशियो,1,सेहत की देखभाल,1,सोशल नेटवर्किंग,1,स्टीफेन हाकिंग,1,स्पेन,1,स्मृति,1,स्वर्ण अनुपात,1,स्वाईन-फ्लू,1,स्वास्थ्य,2,स्‍वास्‍थ्‍य और खानपान,1,स्वास्थ्य चेतना,3,हमारे वैज्ञानिक,4,हरित क्रांति,1,हंसी के फायदे,1,हाथरस कार्यशाला,1,हिंद महासागर,1,हृदय रोग,1,होलिका दहन,1,ह्यूमन रोबोट,1,
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    Science Bloggers' Association: China changed how it counts coronavirus cases. The full picture is still far from complete
    China changed how it counts coronavirus cases. The full picture is still far from complete
    https://cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/200127113321-hand-sanitizer-gel-hong-kong-0122-restricted-medium-plus-169.jpg
    Science Bloggers' Association
    https://blog.scientificworld.in/2020/02/china-changed-how-it-counts-coronavirus.html
    https://blog.scientificworld.in/
    https://blog.scientificworld.in/
    https://blog.scientificworld.in/2020/02/china-changed-how-it-counts-coronavirus.html
    true
    1415300117766154701
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